The notion of resilience, which originated in materials science, is now used in a wide range of fields, including psychology, ecology, physics, and the social sciences. It denotes the ability of individuals, groups, and systems to resist shocks, adapt, and rebuild themselves; its definition varies between a return to normal, adaptation, and transformation. Its use has become so common in so many fields that Time magazine named it the „Environmental Buzzword of 2013“. With its vague contours, the term “resilience” is readily criticized for its contradictory interpretations, how difficult it is to operationalize, and how often it is manipulated, for political purposes, to justify or deny funding.
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